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020 _a9781541768758
040 _aPMNP
_beng
_cKutubkhanah Diraja
082 _a909.09821
100 _93539
_aBueno de Mesquita, Bruce,
_d1946-
245 _aThe Invention of Power:
_bPopes, Kings, and the Birth of the West /
_cBruce Bueno de Mesquita
260 _aUSA
_bPublicAffairs
_c2022
300 _a339
520 _aWestern exceptionalism—the idea that European civilizations are freer, wealthier, and less violent—is a widespread and powerful political idea. It has been a source of peace and prosperity in some societies, and of ethnic cleansing and havoc in others. Yet in The Invention of Power, Bruce Bueno de Mesquita draws on his expertise in political maneuvering, deal-making, and game theory to present a revolutionary new theory of Western exceptionalism: that a single, rarely discussed event in the twelfth century changed the course of European and world history. By creating a compromise between churches and nation-states that, in effect, traded money for power and power for money, the 1122 Concordat of Worms incentivized economic growth, facilitated secularization, and improved the lot of the citizenry, all of which set European countries on a course for prosperity. In the centuries since, countries that have had a similar dynamic of competition between church and state have been consistently better off than those that have not. The Invention of Power upends conventional thinking about European culture, religion, and race and presents a persuasive new vision of world history.
650 0 _9475
_aWorld history
942 _2ddc
_cBK
_n0
999 _c3350
_d3350